Limitations on Freedom during the Cold War Free Essay Example, 500 words

The fear of communism both stimulated the Cold War and the Red Scare. It was during the Red Scare that the federal government exercised its full power against the labor and political left-wing parties. During the Red Scare, a national anti-radical hysteria ensued, because there were fears for a Bolshevik revolution in America. This Bolshevik revolution threatened to reshape the American way of life and basic social institutions, such as home and family. From 1916 to 917, the Industrial Workers conducted several strikes, which the media portrayed as leftist and anti-democratic. The government systematically arrested and detained people who were suspected as spies and among those affected were labor organizations, anti-war activists, members of different communist organizations, journalists and writers, African American activists, and other groups that fought for just wages, better benefits, and child labor laws. On January 2, 1920, alone, 10,000 people were arrested without warrants . The Congress, however, could not tolerate such wide-scale abuses of constitutional rights and by 1922, the Red Scare ended. The same wide-scale arrests and imprisonments also happen during the Cold War. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations on Freedom during the Cold War or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Dorudon - Facts and Figures

Name: Dorudon (Greek for spear-toothed); pronounced DOOR-ooh-don Habitat: Seashores of North America, northern Africa and the Pacific Ocean Historical Epoch: Late Eocene (41-33 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 16 feet long and half a ton Diet: Fish and mollusks Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; distinctive teeth; nostrils on top of head; lack of echolocation abilities    About Dorudon For years, experts believed that the scattered fossils of the prehistoric whale Dorudon actually belonged to juvenile specimens of Basilosaurus, one of the largest cetaceans that ever lived. Then, the unexpected discovery of unmistakably juvenile Dorudon fossils demonstrated that this short, stubby whale merited its own genus--and may actually have been preyed on by the occasional hungry Basilosaurus, as evidenced by bite marks on some preserved skulls. (This scenario was dramatized in the BBC nature documentary Walking with Beasts, which portrayed Dorudon juveniles being gobbled up by their larger cousins). One thing that Dorudon shares in common with Basilosaurus is that both of these Eocene whales lacked the ability to echolocate, since neither of them possessed a characteristic melon organ (a mass of soft tissues that acts as a kind of lens for sound) in their foreheads. This adaptation appeared later in cetacean evolution, spurring the appearance of larger and more diverse whales that subsisted on a wider variety of prey (Dorudon, for instance, had to content itself with presumably slow-moving fish and mollusks).

The Effects Of Childhood Obesity An Epidemic In Our Nation.

The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Seema Patel A Capstone Proposal Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Healthcare Administration KAPLAN UNIVERSITY March 2017 The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Childhood obesity is a greatest public health concern in our nation because it has an immediate and long-term effect on morbidity and mortality later in life. Experts in this epidemic suggest that there is an immediate need for an action and leadership that is required to intervene this disease (Reilly, Methven, McDowell, Hacking, Alexander, Stewart, Kelnar, 2003). According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for 2011 and†¦show more content†¦Interpersonal subset, which includes family, culture, values, etc., communities consist of parks and recreational centers, neighborhoods, and media, organization includes healthcare, schools, workplace, and faith-based organizations, and lastly public policy incorporates rules, laws, regulations, and government (Stea, Haugen, Berntsen, Guttormsen, Overby, Haraldstad, Abildsnes, 2016). Social Factors: Children of many various ethnicity have greater implications with obesity, however studies have shown that Hispanic American children (both genders) and African American female children are effected at higher rate than European Americans and Asians (Salinas, Leyao, DeWan, 2016). Numerous studies including BMC genetics have directly associated low household income to higher likelihood children being obese or overweight. According to the CDC 2000 growth reference, adolescence ages 12-19 are obese or over-weight with the body mass index (BMI) ≠¥95th, that is one in six child in the United States (Diesel, Eckhardt, Day, Brooks, Arslanian, Bodnar, 2015). Early adolescence obesity in Hispanic and Caucasian females demonstrate health, social, and behavior issues in which, significantly lower levels of self-esteem,Show MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Essay examples1472 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica childhood obesity was rarely a topic of conversation. A survey done in the early 1970s showed that 6.1% of children between the ages 12 and 19 were overweight. Eight years later the same survey was done and 17.4% were considered overweight (Iannelli). â€Å"Childhood obesity epidemic in America is now a confirmed fact since the number of overweight or obese children has more than tripled during the last 30 years† (Childhood Obesity Epidemic). â€Å"Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in childrenRead MoreHealth Risks Of The United States Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can be administered to all who are infected, one of the greatest health risks facing America’s nation today is sadly an epidemic, not just of a ph ysical nature but often times also with behavioral origins, and whose eradication has been one of the most difficult our nation faces. Obesity in the United States has increased with alarming rates over the last few decades, which has impacted our nation on several levels, including the financial burden from the continuing rise in healthcare costs andRead MoreAre We Taking It Too Far by Blaming Fast Food Restaurant for Obesity?1285 Words   |  6 PagesAre we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurant for obesity? Although throughout the years many people have claimed that obesity is a genetic disorder for the most part; results of recent studies strongly indicate that lifestyles rather than genetics are what are causing an obese society, because people choose to not exercise, not watch their diet, and eat fast food. For the past few decades, food companies had aimed their marketing at single meals, pushing to inflate portion sizes. ThatRead MoreDoes Counseling Help Children with Issues of Obesity? Obesity in children is an epidemic that700 Words   |  3 PagesDoes Counseling Help Children with Issues of Obesity? Obesity in children is an epidemic that continues to be a serious problem in our nation. Over the past thirty years, childhood obesity rates in the United States have tripled, and currently, approximately one in three children in the U.S. are overweight or obese. High body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents is a public health concern in the United States (Ogden, Carroll, Curtin, Lamb Flegal, 2010). According to the CentersRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is A Growing Epidemic1297 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a growing epidemic. The UK has estimated through their schools’ National Child Measurement Program that one-third of the children there are overweight, and by 2050 that number could rise to an alarming two-thirds (Phillips 2). There are many uncontrollable factors in childhood obesity such as the environment, income and genetics. However, parents are the most overlooked factor. Our children’s futures, with regard to their eating habits, are in the hands of their parents. UltimatelyRead MoreMedia Influences on Childhood Obesity 1272 Words   |  6 Pagesyear old carrying around one of the best pieces of technology in our world. Since then my brother’s free time outside running around has decreased drastically. His eyes and hands are glued to his IPhone 4s. Finding him playing basketball or throwing a football around in my yard when I go home on the weekends has become less and less. This is just one of thousands of children whose physical activity has suffered due to technology. Today our society has created the perception to children that without theRead MoreEssay on Responsibility for Childhood Obesity1009 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity- Whose Responsibility Is It? Daniel Weintraub wrote an article in The Sacramento Bee exclaiming his concern for childhood obesity, criticizing the â€Å"blame game†, and whom he believes is not taking enough responsibility for this horrendous epidemic that is sweeping our nation. Weintraub states that, â€Å"Parents -- not the fast food companies, not the government-- are in the best position to fight the epidemic of overweight children.† I agree that parents play a vital role in establishingRead MoreMedication Can Help Reduce Childhood Obesity Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesknow that childhood obesity can be very harmful for our nations children. Not only can obesity cause health problems but also psychological problems. In recent years, policymakers and medical experts have expressed alarm about the growing problem of childhood obesity in the United States. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. One literature review examines one approach to treating childhood obesity: medicationRead MoreChildhood Obesity Analysis1473 Words   |  6 PagesParents Child Caretakers Obesity in America is literally a growing problem, affecting every age group. Children are the most venerable group because they have no control over where they have dinner or how often they have fast food. Parents and guardians make decisions about food and are responsible for the health of children. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the last twenty years. This is concerning because Type Two diabetes is a horrible, crippling disease that is affecting childrenRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Weight Loss1667 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity Epidemic in America There are a lot of different opinions and strong emotions when it comes to the topic of obesity and weight loss. America, home of the free and land of the obese. According to CNBC, nearly two-thirds of American adults are either overweight or obese. Childhood obesity is triple what it was some decades ago. The obesity plague in America costs the nation as much as $147 billion and an indescribable number of lives every year. Together

Marketing and Monsanto - 1349 Words

Monsanto: Linking Core Competencies to Market Opportunity Case Summary: Monsanto Co. is an innovative biotechnology company that is currently the world’s largest seed company. Since its inception in 1901, Monsanto has continually reinvented itself to realize growth opportunities in a wide spectrum of marketing environments. In 1981, a shift in strategic focus towards biotechnology has propelled the company to $11.7 billion in annual sales with over 20,000 people in 160 countries. As the world faces a growing population and declining natural resources, Monsanto’s technological innovations with genetically modified seeds have increased crop yields around the world. Although the company has enjoyed significant growth in recent†¦show more content†¦What are the major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) associated with Monsanto? Monsanto’s strengths include technological innovations in biotechnology anchored by substantial investment in research and development that have produced many patents, and allow the company to react swiftly to changes in the strategic environment. Their presence in 160 countries provides favorable access to distribution networks around the globe. A major weakness for Monsanto is consumer perception that its products are unhealthy for human consumption and have negative consequences on the environment. Another major weakness for Monsanto is the expiration of their main patent in 2014 of their Roundup-ready soybean. JPMorgan estimates losses of up to $500 million in royalties that the company receives from licensing Roundup-ready soybean to competitors. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, only 11% of global land surface is considered suitable for agricultural production. With a surging global population and increased land degradation caused by human activity, higher yielding crops with resistance to various environmental conditions will become essential to maintaining an adequate food supply for the world. Monsanto’s technological innovations in biotechnology, and specifically genetically modified seeds, present a unique opportunity to capitalize on one of the world’s great challenges in the 21st century. Growing consumerShow MoreRelatedMarketing Schemes Of Monsanto, Major U.s. Pharmaceutical Corporations And Food Manufacturing Companies1572 Words   |  7 Pages(nongmo project, what is a gmo) Scientist insert, delete, or switch the DNA in certain organisms. Those organisms may be able to live longer, speed up the growth process, or withstand herbicides and pesticides. The relentless lobbying and marketing schemes of Monsanto, major U.S. pharmaceutical corporations and food manufacturing companies have been able to defeat consumer efforts requiring labeling all GMO products. (paraphrased Jalonick, Mary Claire, House passes bill to prevent mandatory GMO foodRead MoreMonsanto Case Study Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesParker Gross MKTG 495 Case #3 – Monsanto I: Situation Analysis Monsanto is a company that some people may not be explicitly familiar with on a first name basis. However, the work that the company has done over the last century, with a larger emphasis on its most recent ventures, have been deeply engrained in our lives, our food, and our economy. Monsanto has those who advocate on their behalf in addition to their naysayers. While Monsanto has made huge strides in terms of biotechnology overRead MoreMonsanto Business Ethics Paper1465 Words   |  6 Pagesabout Monsanto Corporations Business Ethics Thesis Statement I will outline some of the ethical issues Monsanto Corporation has faced, I will focus on the predatory litigation of farmers that have been contaminated by Monsanto’s Genetically Modified seed and then sued for using that seed to plant subsequent crops. I will provide examples and citations of what I feel are unethical practices and cases involving Monsanto. Introduction â€Å"The Justice Department is investigating whether Monsanto CoRead MoreFood Inc, opinion paper1518 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"farm-fresh† and other marketing messages that suggest a more organic flow of food products relate to the realities of 21st-century marketing channels for food? The American Marketing Association defines marketing as â€Å"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (https://www.ama.org/AboutAMA/Pages/Definition-of-Marketing.aspx). The marketing mix consists of productRead MoreEffect Of Corporate Actions On Human Health And The Environment1339 Words   |  6 Pagespunishments from behind closed doors. An example of how a corporation suppresses truth in order to achieve its own profit-boosting agenda is the Monsanto growth hormone scandal of 1997. As detailed in The Corporation, a duo of investigative reporters working for Fox News was commissioned to conduct an investigation into the business practices of agricultural giant Monsanto. Their goal was to find out the true impact of Monsanto’s use of rBGH, a growth hormone given to cows in order to increase their milk productionRead MoreBiotechnology: Genetically Modified Organisms1848 Words   |  7 Pagesthere aren’t many that would see such efforts, and think to critique the way in which these GMOs have been appropriated. It may not be the chemical process so much as it is the marketing processes that deter people from partaking in the miracle technology. One brilliant, model example, would be institutions such as Monsanto. [16]In 2011 a lawsuit was filed by Monsanto’s GMO Roundup Ready Soybeans against OSGATA(Organic Seeds Growers and Trade Association. The farmers from OSGATA were sued for underhandedRead MoreThe Economic Consequences Brought By The Banning Of Gmos1426 Words   |  6 Pagesbiotechnology in the food system is genetic engineering, which refers to the manipulation of an organism’s genome. Some of the food we consume today are genetically modified. The most well-known genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are corn and soybeans. Monsanto, being a leading producer of genetically engineering seed founded in America, contributed to a large amount of genetically modified crops produced in the United States as well as in other countries which supported biotechnology. Meanwhile, on theRead MoreLabel Or Not, The Gmo Dilemma1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthe exact ingredients of their foods, prevents scientists from identifying the effects of the consumption of GMOs and causes consumerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s mistrust of the Food and Drug Administration agency. In other words, Optional labeling of GMOs allows deceptive marketing, prevents people from recognizing GMOs side Effects, and causes mistrust towards the FDA. Optional labeling of foods containing GMOs allows their marketers to engage in misleading food advertising. Buyers frequently rely on labels to get aRead MoreGenetically Modified Food ( Gm Food )1724 Words   |  7 Pagesof controversy in terms of its suitability for human consumption and its effect on the biodiversity of naturally evolved organisms. Monsanto is the largest GM seed producer in North America to the extend that â€Å"80 percent of U.S. corn and 93 percent of soy grown from Monsanto patented GMO seeds.† [17] Monsanto has a tremendous influence and control over the marketing and production of global seed industries. [17] According to a scientific journal report , â€Å"GM-fed mice could be related to the reductionRead MoreWhat Makes The Monsanto Company Didn t Start Off As An Agricultural Company?1469 Words   |  6 Pagesmaster mind behind this is the Monsanto company. Interesting thing is that the Monsanto company didn’t start off as an agricultural company. In 1901 they started off as a chemical company, with their first product being Saccharin. Monsanto Company later went on to selling Saccharin to Coca-Cola and Agent Orange to the U.S. military (Short). Take it back to history during the Vietnam War Agent Orange was used and several children were born with birth defects. Then Monsanto Created Round Up ready seeds

Importance of Military Rules and Regulations Free Essays

Why it is important to Obey Military Rules and Regulation Military discipline and effectiveness is built on the foundation of obedience to orders. Recruits are taught to obey, immediately and without question, orders from their superiors, right from day-one of boot camp. Which is why we work so well by following orders from the more experienced leaders who have been doing this for years. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Military Rules and Regulations or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have plenty of obedience in Charlie company and I feel it is one of the best units I have been in. It has made me want to persue a carreer in the military and I no rules and regulations is what is going to make me move up the ranks and make me a all around better soldier. I no I need to work on discapile sometimes and am doing corrective training right now to make me become a better sodier. So in my essay I have listed many chararistics which in the history and present day made what the army is today. I feel the army values have a big role in rules and regulations because if you follow the values you will not stray off in being disobedient. It’s very important to follow directions, or else the world would be in chaos. When some tells you that you must follow directions so that everything can go in an orderly fashion, it’s important do because they know what’s going to happen if you don’t. It’s important to follow directions because if you don’t something can go wrong, it’s important follow directions because if you don’t you’ll get in trouble, and it’s also important to follow directions because if you don’t you’ll be writing this essay too. It’s important to follow directions because if you don’t something can go wrong. If you decide to cross the street and someone tells you not to, their telling you for a reason, maybe so that you won’t get hit by a car or get shot at in a drive by shooting. It’s important follow directions because if you don’t you’ll get in trouble. If you decide to cross the street after they told you not to, you’ll suffer the consequences. In this case the consequences is getting hit by a car our getting shot in a drive by shooting. If you don’t suffer the consequences that way you’ll suffer another way. Finally, it’s important to follow directions because if you don’t you’ll be writing this essay too. If you didn’t suffer the consequences by getting shot at or getting ran over, you’ll suffer by writing this essay. By writing this essay you’ll be missing many important television shows. Even if you weren’t talking in class while taking the test, because you we’re the last one taking the test, you’ll have to write this essay too. In the end, it’s important to follow directions, because if you don’t something can go wrong. They’re telling you to listen to them for a reason, because they probably know more than you do. It’s important follow directions because if you don’t you’ll get in trouble. You might get hit by a car while crossing the street or get shot at in a drive by shooting. It’s also important to follow directions because if you don’t you’ll be writing this essay too. By writing an essay like this on, it will take up you’re time and you’ll miss a lot of your favorite television shows. SO FOLLOW DIRECTIONS. When one enlists in the United States Military, active duty or reserve, they take the following oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Officers, upon commission, swear to the following: I do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) makes it a crime for a military member to WILLFULLY disobey a superior commissioned officer. Article 91 makes it a crime to WILLFULLY disobey a superior Noncommissioned or Warrant Officer. Article 92 makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order (the disobedience does not have to be â€Å"willful† under this article). In fact, under Article 90, during times of war, a military member who willfully disobeys a superior commissioned officer can be sentenced to death. The importance of rules and regulations in the military are there so a soldier knows how to act and behave while in the military. We have rules and regulations to instill upon a soldier how to properly conduct him/herself while in the military uniform. We are put on a higher pedestal than civilians at all times. We are to behave in a different manner than anybody. We are to at all times conduct ourselves in ways that most people would not understand. The rules and regulations are put out so that we know what we can and cannot do at all times. We are to behave at all times in a professional manner and dress properly. The Army is a uniformed service where discipline is judged, in part, by the manner in which a soldier wears a prescribed uniform, as well as by the individual’s personal appearance. Therefore, a neat and well-groomed appearance by all soldiers is fundamental to the Army and contributes to building the pride and esprit essential to an effective military force. A vital ingredient of the Army’s strength and military effectiveness is the pride and self-discipline that American soldiers bring to their Service through a conservative military image. So we are to uphold an image that makes us stand out and look professional at all times. On duty and off duty. Our hair is to be groomed and be in a well kept manner also. Males hair is to be kept short and not touching the ears or touching the collar. The hair on top of the head must be neatly groomed. The length and bulk of the hair may not be excessive or present a ragged, unkempt, or extreme appearance. The hair must present a tapered appearance. A tapered appearance is one where the outline of the soldier’s hair conforms to the shape of the head, curving inward to the natural termination point at the base of the neck. When the hair is combed, it will not fall over the ears or eyebrows, or touch the collar, except for the closely cut hair at the back of the neck. Males will keep sideburns neatly trimmed. Sideburns may not be flared; the base of the sideburn will be a clean shaven, horizontal line. Sideburns will not extend below the lowest part of the exterior ear opening. all clothing will have a proper fit and always be in a serviceable manner at all times. We will maintain a high standard of dress and appearance. Uniforms will fit properly; trousers, pants, or skirts should not fit tightly; and personnel must keep uniforms clean and serviceable and press them as necessary. Soldiers must project a military image that leaves no doubt that they live by a common military standard and are responsible to military order and discipline. Soldiers will ensure that articles carried in pockets do not protrude from the pocket or present a bulky appearance. The trousers are to have a proper fit and not to look baggy. This uniform is designed to fit loosely; alterations to make the uniform fit tightly are not authorized. A tight fit reduces the airflow needed for ventilation and cooling. The coat is worn outside the trousers. Soldiers will not wear a belt with this uniform. Soldiers will wear the trousers bloused, using the draw cords or blousing rubbers, if the trousers are not tucked into the boots. Personnel will not wrap the trouser legs around the leg tightly enough to present a straight appearance. Soldiers will not blouse the boots so that the trouser leg extends down to the ankle area. When bloused, the trousers should not extend below the third eyelet from the top of the boot. So that is an example of how a soldier is to look at all times. We are to maintain a proper appearance at all times. This goes to show how the military works. If we did not have rules and regulations, we would not have a proper working military. We have rules and regulations for a reason, they are there so a soldier knows how to act and dress at all times. Also we are to conduct ourselves in a different way when we are at war too. There is a such thing as rules of engagement. It states that we are not engage upon enemies unless engaged upon first. It has to be the same amount of force as the enemy has used. If they shoot, we are allowed to return fire. But, if they throw rocks and other objects then all we are allowed to do is yell at them. If we did not have that rule we would be using force that is not necessary. We would shoot or kill people that that does not deserve to be shot or killed. If that was the case we would be a Hitlerism nation. We would not care how we won a war or who we had to kill to get to that point. We have rules and regulations on how to keep clean in the field. That’s one regulation you do not want to disobey. It says that if you do not take care of yourself, your living area, or your food, you can get very sick. Your water can start to grow bacteria and different kinds of fungus. Not to mention that if you do no wash your self good enough, you can get some crazy infections. I am surprised that there is not a regulation on how to breath properly on a daily basis. But I would not be either. The regulations are put out there so every one knows what the military life is supposed to like. We have to abide by them at all times day in day out. To me the rules and regulations are to be enforced so that no body is messing up and always in the right. Plus, if there is some thing that you get questioned on, then you can pull up the ar670-1. Like here is a story for you; I had a lt. colonel tell me that I was out of regulations to wear a thumb ring. I told that it was authorized to wear because according to ar670-1 paragraph 14 sub B it states that your authorized to wear two rings. One on each hand, and a wedding set (a bridal set) counts as one. But it does not state that you can or cannot have a ring on your thumb. And also my First sergeant told me that we were not allowed to wear a bracelet. Well I looked it up and come to find out that you are not authorized to wear a bracelet unless it is an identifying bracelet. So I found a loop hole, I made a bracelet with a dog tag on it. Now I was in regulation. Then there is a hair color regulation too. It says that you are not authorized to color your hair unless it is a natural color. Your not allowed to have weird colors like pink or bright red. This one girl got an article 15 for having three different colors in her hair and for destruction to government property. If that is the case then we should not be allowed to have tattoos, because your putting permanent markings on your body. And, also females should not be able to get piercings, because they are causing permanent damage to there bodies. But that is the way the military works. We have to follow the regulations regardless if we agree with them or not. Good leadership promotes professionalism—a relation of standards, involving quality of life, service, discipline and total commitment to our Army and the United States of America. This really sucks because they know that I’m not going to be able to get ten thousand words on one subject. Now if it was like three or more I am sure that it would not be to hard. Seems like pretty good motivation to obey any order you’re given, right? Nope. These articles require the obedience of LAWFUL orders. An order which is unlawful not only does not need to be obeyed, but obeying such an order can result in criminal prosecution of the one who obeys it. Military courts have long held that military members are accountable for their actions even while following orders — if the order was illegal. â€Å"I was only following orders,† has been unsuccessfully used as a legal defense in hundreds of cases (probably most notably by Nazi leaders at the Nuremberg tribunals following World War II). The defense didn’t work for them, nor has it worked in hundreds of cases since. The first recorded case of a United States Military officer using the â€Å"I was only following orders† defense dates back to 1799. During the War with France, Congress passed a law making it permissible to seize ships bound to any French Port. However, when President John Adams wrote the order to authorize the U. S. Navy to do so, he wrote that Navy ships were authorized to seize any vessel bound for a French port, or traveling from a French port. Pursuant to the President’s instructions, a U. S. Navy captain seized a Danish Ship (the Flying Fish), which was en route from a French Port. The owners of the ship sued the Navy captain in U. S. maritime court for trespass. They won, and the United States Supreme Court upheld the decision. The U. S. Supreme Court held that Navy commanders â€Å"act at their own peril† when obeying presidential orders when such orders are illegal. The Vietnam War presented the United States military courts with more cases of the â€Å"I was only following orders† defense than any previous conflict. The decisions during these cases reaffirmed that following manifestly illegal orders is not a viable defense from criminal prosecution. In United States v. Keenan, the accused (Keenan) was found guilty of murder after he obeyed in order to shoot and kill an elderly Vietnamese citizen. The Court of Military Appeals held that â€Å"the justification for acts done pursuant to orders does not exist if the order was of such a nature that a man of ordinary sense and understanding would know it to be illegal. † (Interestingly, the soldier who gave Keenan the order, Corporal Luczko, was acquitted by reason of insanity). Probably the most famous case of the â€Å"I was only following orders† defense was the court-martial (and conviction for premeditated murder) of First Lieutenant William Calley for his part in the My Lai Massacre on March 16, 1968. The military court rejected Calley’s argument of obeying the order of his superiors. On March 29, 1971, Calley was sentenced to life in prison. However, the public outcry in the United States following this very publicized and controversial trial was such that President Nixon granted him clemency. Calley wound up spending 3 1/2 years under house arrest at Fort Benning Georgia, where a federal judge ultimately ordered his release. In 2004, the military began court-martials of several military members deployed to Iraq for mistreating prisoners and detainees. Several members claimed that they were only following the orders of military intelligence officials. Unfortunately (for them), that defense won’t fly. The mistreatment of prisoners is a crime under both international law, and the Uniform Code of Military Justice (see Article 93 — Cruelty and Maltreatment). It’s clear, under military law, that military members can be held accountable for crimes committed under the guise of â€Å"obeying orders,† and there is no requirement to obey orders which are unlawful. However, here’s the rub: A military member disobeys such orders at his/her own peril. Ultimately, it’s not whether or not the military member thinks the order is illegal or unlawful, it’s whether military superiors (and courts) think the order was illegal or unlawful. Take the case of Michael New. In 1995, Spec-4 Michael New was serving with the 1/15 Battalion of the 3rd infantry Division of the U. S. Army at Schweinfurt, Germany. When assigned as part of a multi-national peacekeeping mission about to be deployed to Macedonia, Spec-4 New and the other soldiers in his unit were ordered to wear United Nations (U. N. ) Helmets and arm bands. New refused the order, contending that it was an illegal order. New’s superiors disagreed. Ultimately, so did the court-martial panel. New was found guilty of disobeying a lawful order and sentenced to a bad conduct discharge. The Army Court of Criminal Appeals upheld the conviction, as did the Court of Appeals of the Armed Forces. What about an order to participate in a dangerous mission? Can the military legally order one to go on a â€Å"suicide mission? † You bet they can. In October 2004, the Army announced that they it were investigating up to 19 members of a platoon from the 343rd Quartermaster Company based in Rock Hill, South Carolina, for refusing to transport supplies in a dangerous area of Iraq. According to family members, some of the troops thought the mission was â€Å"too dangerous† because their vehicles were unarmored (or had little armor), and the route they were scheduled to take is one of the most dangerous in Iraq. According to reports, these members simply failed to show up for the pre-departure briefing for the mission. Can they be punished for this? They certainly can. An order to perform a dangerous mission is lawful, because it’s not an order to commit a crime. Under current law, and the Manual for Courts-Martial, â€Å"An order requiring the performance of a military duty r act may be inferred to be lawful and it is disobeyed at the peril of the subordinate. This inference does not apply to a patently illegal order, such as one that directs the commission of a crime. † In fact, if it can be shown that one or more of the soldiers influenced others to disobey, they may find the crime of Mutiny, under Article 94 added to the list of charges. Mutiny carries the death penalty, even in â€Å"peace time. † , to obey, or not to obey? It depends on the order. Military members disobey orders at their own risk. They also obey orders at their own risk. An order to commit a crime is unlawful. An order to perform a military duty, no matter how dangerous is lawful, as long as it doesn’t involve commission of a crime. Military Discipline is a state of order and obedience existing within a command. It involves the ready subordination of the will of the individual for the good of the group. Military discipline is an extension and specialized application of the discipline demands habitual but reasoned obedience that preserves initiative and functions unfalteringly even in the absence of the commander. Discipline is created within a command by instilling a sense of confidence and responsibility in each individual. Discipline demands correct performance of duty. The need for discipline is best inculcated in individual by appealing to his sense of reason. In the few instances where appeal to reason fail, the use of punishment is effective in causing a recalcitrant individual to conform and perhaps appreciate the need for discipline. Condemnation and earned praise from senior to his subordinate, either individually or collectively, for tasks well done serve to strengthen the disciplinary bonds which bind together the smooth functioning team. Max Anders says, â€Å"Only the disciplined ever get really good at anything. Everything in life requires some sort of discipline. Whether it is hitting a baseball, climbing a mountain, playing a musical instrument, making good grades or brushing your teeth it all comes down to a matter of discipline. â€Å"The core of a soldier is moral discipline. It is intertwined with the discipline of physical and mental achievem.. The Army is an old institution. In th is country it dates back to the Washington’s time in 1775—76 when the Revolutionary War took place to proclaim our freedom from the British. One particular thing which Washington’s Army had in common with our modern Army today is discipline. This is very important in order to keep our forces organized. A well—disciplined army will always come out the victor in battle. Take a look at Musolini’s army in Italy in the last War. When the going got tough, their troops got disorganized, failed to obey orders, and finally decided it was time to surrender. And so it happened with Hitler’s Third Reich. His troops got disorganized from the lack of proper discipline and as the proverb goes, â€Å"United We Stand, Divided We Fall†. The Third Reich fell. Our American Army is a well—organized fighting force and always will be, with the proper kind of discipline which we have now. The officers in charge of each Army, Corps, Division, Regiment, down to the Platoon and Squad are all experienced, level—headed men and women, whose job it is to keep the men and women under them disciplined as well as informed as to what is going on and thereby gaining the men’s and women’s cooperation. From the five—star General down to the â€Å"lowly† Private, it is his duty to see that whatever his job is, it will be done properly. With such a fighting force, how can we lose? Remember, â€Å"United We Stand, Divided We Fall†. We SHALL NOT Fall. It is so that you know what you are allowed to do and not to do, and to maintain control. It is the same in life, they call that the law. To me I joined the military because I was ture to the oath Bear true faith and allegiance to the U. S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other Soldiers. Bearing true faith and allegiance is a matter of believing in and devoting yourself to something or someone. A loyal Soldier is one who supports the leadership and stands up for fellow Soldiers. By wearing the uniform of the U. S. Army you are expressing your loyalty. And by doing your share, you show your loyalty to your unit. Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral). Personal courage has long been associated with our Army. With physical courage, it is a matter of enduring physical duress and at times risking personal safety. Facing moral fear or adversity may be a long, slow process of continuing forward on the right path, especially if taking those actions is not popular with others. You can build your personal courage by daily standing up for and acting upon the things that you know are honorable that a potential Soldier should understand the basics about service before they enlist. if it appeals to you! What it Means to be a Soldier Serving in the Army is a life-changing experience—and a serious commitment. So it stands to reason The Army is an elite group of warriors who dedicate a portion of their time to serving their nation. Each state has its own Guard, as required by the Constitution; in fact, it is the only branch of the military whose What is existence is actually required by the Constitution. Review all of our info about the National Guard and see Nation The first and foremost responsibility will be protecting and defending American interests. This may mean deployment out of state or overseas. If they’re called up, they’ll be ready. Community Nearly 400 years ago, the Guard mobilized for the first time to help neighbors in times of need. This is still our main role: helping the community during natural disasters and civil emergencies. Qualifications Physical fitness, age, education, height and weight are the primary factors that determine whether a would-be member can join the Guard. Visit our Standards page for more information. Where Do They Serve? Usually, a Soldier serves where they live. There’s a National Guard in all 50 American states, as well as in the four territories, so typically, they’ll live at home and drill once a month at the nearest armory. If mobilized by the federal government, they may serve out of state or overseas. Three to six years is typical but length of service depends on the enlistment option they chose at the time of enlistment. College, career and other personal commitments are also factors, but I plan to make a carreer out of the military so rules and regulations are very important to me, There is a long and noble history of the United States Army serving at home and abroad to ensure the safety and freedom of their fellow citizens. They have combated natural disasters, supported Army troops and, when called upon, borne arms against their nation’s enemies. Proud Soldier Since 1636, the army has brought glory and honor upon itself and its soldiers through quiet and selfless service. Do you think you have what it takes to be a member of this select group? In the army you become a Soldier. What does it mean to be a Soldier? It’s being a part of noble tradition of service extending back almost 400 years. It means you become a member of the best trained, best equipped, and most respected military force in history. It means you will make a difference and follow commands of others. Following Orders The importance of following orders cannot be emphasized enough. In the military world this is key to mission success. When a competent authority issues an order, it is issued with the understanding that subordinates will carry out that order, effectively and efficiently. When or where that order is issued does not make a difference on the importance of that order. The orders issued in garrison are just as important as the ones being issued in a combat zone. It is important that the order be understood and done when told to, to avoid further problems. Military discipline and effectiveness is built on the foundation of obedience to orders. Recruits are taught to obey, immediately and without question, orders from their superiors, right from day one of boot camp. Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) makes it a crime for a military member to willfully disobey a superior commissioned officer. Article 91 makes it a crime to willfully disobey a superior Noncommissioned or Warrant Officer. Article 92 makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order (the disobedience does not have to be â€Å"willful† under this article). In fact, under Article 90, during times of war, a military member who willfully disobeys a superior commissioned officer can be sentenced to death. These articles require the obedience of lawful orders. An order which is unlawful not only does not need to be obeyed, but obeying such an order can result in criminal prosecution of the one who obeys it. Military courts have long held that military members are accountable for their actions even while following orders, even if the order was illegal. Orders can have a variety of purposes, most of which builds discipline. Whether a Marine is told to clean the head or to bring in gear, the orders given are to instill good character in the Marines. When it comes down to it, there are orders issued for almost everything in the military. Since this practice is so frequent, Marines have learned to make it part of their instinct to follow orders when given. It is written in the promotion warrants that subordinates will render obedience to orders given from superiors, so it is difficult to say that Marines are not reminded of it. Following orders can apply to almost everything you do in life. Everyone follows orders, even the Commandant. So if a four star General has to follow orders, its automatic that everyone below him must do the same. Even before you join the military following orders is part of life. In school the teachers give orders to students, it may not be the same as the military but they are orders. Listening to your parents when they told you to do something was following orders. Sometimes it is hard to cope with the orders that are given, but the judgment of those issuing orders needs to be trusted. I think following direct orders is important because for starters nothing would ever get done because everyone would gaf everyone else off and it might not sound that bad but if you were to put the scenario into a combat situation marines would die all because someone didn’t follow a direct order, for instance if you were told to hold a position with your marines and you moved anyway’s you could cost everyone their lives and loose a war. To obey someone means to comply with or fulfill the commands, restrictions, wishes, or instructions of that specific person. We are taught as children to obey our higher-ups. Starting from our parents, teachers, managers, police officers and so on. So how does this relate to the military? Well, when a person enlists in the United States Military, they take the following oath; â€Å"I do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Right there you are making a promise to the United States Military. Before you even put on the uniform, you promise you’ll obey the orders of the President and the orders of the officers appointed over you. Military discipline and effectiveness is built on the foundation of obedience to orders. Brand new privates are taught to obey, immediately and without question, orders from their superiors, right f rom the start. Almost any devil can tell you that obedience was drilled into their heads at one point or another. For example, no talking on the phone while walking, don’t put your hands in your pockets, and stand a parade rest. Those are just the simple orders you are made to obey in the military. Greater orders mean bigger consequences. Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk serious consequences. I know that knowing the rules and regulations is what is going to make me move up the rank and make me a all around better marine. I need to work on discipline sometimes and am going to correct my unacceptable behavior . So in my essay I have listed many characteristics and examples of how following orders is important. I feel the Marine Corps values have a big role in rules and regulations because if you follow the values you will not have as difficult a time in the corps It’s very important to follow directions, or else the world would be in chaos. When someone tells you that you must follow directions so that everything can go in an orderly fashion, it’s important to do so because they know what’s going to happen if you don’t. It’s important to follow directions because if you don’t something can go wrong, it’s important follow directions because if you don’t you’ll get in trouble, and it’s also important to follow directions because if you don’t you’ll be writing this essay too. If you decide to cross the street and someone tells you not to, their telling you for a reason, maybe so that you won’t get hit by a car or get shot at in a drive by shooting. It’s important follow directions because if you don’t you’ll get in trouble. Thank you very much for taking time to read my essay on following orders. How to cite Importance of Military Rules and Regulations, Essay examples

Professional Role/Code of Ethic free essay sample

Codes of Ethis on the case of Mr. E Professional Roles and Values Western Governor University State Regulations and Nursing Standards Nursing, as other medical profession, aims at helping and saving the life of other. As much as nurses and physician wants to intervene to prolong a patient life, it’s important to consider patient’s wishes. Ethically, intubating Mr. E without proper discussion and consideration of his wishes is against his living will. It’s a violation of Provision I of ANA Code of Ethics in respecting patient’s dignity. The nurse also fail to meet the Standards of Competent Performance based on California Code of Regulation, Article 4, code 1443. 5, which stated â€Å" [nurses] acts as the client’s advocate, as circumstances require, by initiating action to improve health care or to change decisions or activities which are against the interests or wishes of the client [†¦]† (p. 70) Implication. According to code 2. 1 â€Å"Primacy of patient’s interest† from American Nurses Association, it’s the nurse’s commitment to respect the uniqueness of each patient, and respect patient’s wishes. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Role/Code of Ethic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, the nurse is responsible to seek for a solution if patient’s wishes are conflict with others (p. 5). Based on the above codes, the nurse in the scenario must inform Mr. Y about Mr. E’s wish. The nurse also need to assess Mr. Y understanding of risk and benefit of the procedure, so he would have all the neccesary information to make decision. Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics was developed by the American Nurses Association as a framework for ethical guideline. The work serves as a standard in assisting nurses making ethical decision. According to the ANA Code of Ethics,(2001), provision I stated that nurses must treat patient with compassion and respect the patient’s dignity, worth, and uniqueness, regardless of social and economical status, nature of health problem, and person’s attributes (p. 1). In specific, the interpretive statement 1. 4, in which the focus is on patient’s right to self-determination, is appropriate to apply in this scenario. (p. 4) Impact of Code. Code 1. 4 stated that nurses respect patient’s dignity by honor his or her own wishes. Thus, it’s important to inform Mr. Y of Mr. E’s wish as â€Å"do not resuscitate† (DNR). Although Mr. E is mentally challenge, he has his own feeling and perspective on his health status. Moreover, the patient’s mental condition when he signed Advance Directive and Power of Attorney is unclear; therefore, ignoring his wishes is a false assumption and an understatement to his decision-making capabality. As a nurse in this scenario, I would inform Mr. Y of his brother wish on Advance Directive. Ethics of Putting Patient on Ventilator. Putting Mr. E on ventilator based on the niece’s permission is unethical. The decision didn’t make based on patient’s best interest due to Mr. Y unawareness of Advance Directive. In addition, the niece made the decision instead of Mr. Y; therefore, the patient’s Power of Attorney was not followed completely. As the nurse, I would call Mr. Y to explain the situation and the decision of his niece. I would also inform him of the patient’s wishes in the Advance Directive. As an advocate for patient, I would also bring up the patient’s wish to the physican’s attention, and discuss the need to inform both Mr. Y and his niece of the Advance Directive. Although Ms. H doesn’t have Power of Attorney, she plays a role in assisting Mr. Y decision-making since Mr. Y called her for suggestion. Ethics of Authorizing Ventilator. Mr. Y should considers his brother’s wish based on the Advance Directive. Mr. Y should also ask for the risks and benefits of putting his brother on ventilator. As his brother, Mr. Y would want to prolong his brother’s life; however, Mr. Y should take in account of his brother’s desire, quality of life, and the extend of suffering. If Mr. Y doesn’t agree with the Advanced Directives, Mr. Y’s authorization is valid since the Advanced Directives is not fully completed. Analysis of Mr. E’s Advanced Directives Because of Mr. E mental health status, his capabality to make decision is unclear when he signed the Advanced Directives. Moreover, according to EmedicineHealth, â€Å"it’s important that the designated power of attorney knows and understands your [the patient] wishes† (Nabili, 2012). However, family member didn’t sign the Advance Directives, and the involvement of family is unclear. Thus, the appointed Power of Attorney may not know and understand the patient’s wish. The patient and family might not discuss patient’s decision. In addition, when the decision of Mr. Y conflicts with the decision of Mr. E in Advance Directives, the situation becomes very complicated. HIPAA Aside from Mr. E complicated situation, there are major Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations in the scenario. The physician violated patient’s right to privacy protection by discuss his medical condition and situation to Ms. H in the waiting room, a public place. The information was disclosed to other patients, to Ms. H’s boyfriend, and other non-related health care staff. Moreover, discussing Mr. E condition to Ms. H should be questioning because Ms. H, although she’s the patient’s niece, is not the appointed power of attorney. One of the nurse role is advocate for paient. By not protecting patient’s privacy, a nurse also violate HIPAA. The nurse, although aware of the physician violation, did not intervene to protect Mr. E’s information. Therefore, she could be hold accountable for violation of HIPAA. In this scenario, a nurse commented on ignoring HIPAA. The nurse is not only violated patient’s privacy legally, but also ethically according to ANA Code of Ethics. Besides physician and nurse, the facility is also accountable for HIPAA violation, for the facility did not reinforce the importance of HIPAA with its staff and physician. Professional Conduct As the above paragraphs discuss, the nurse fails to conduct the standard of nursing by ignoring patient’s rights for privacy protection. By stating â€Å"forget it†¦no one pays attention to HIPAA anyway,† the nurse is at risk for violating HIPAA. Beside HIPAA, the cafeteria nurses fail to act as patient’s advocacy by stating â€Å" What difference does it makes? The guy’s got diabetes, ir retarded, and is already in a nursing home. † This nurse violated Provision I in Code of Ethics by ANA in which a nurse cares for patient with compassion and respect regardless of social and economical status, personal’s attribute, and nature of health problems (p. 1). Futhermore, lack of knowledge of Advance Directives is a misconduct of Provision II in Code of Ethics by not â€Å"primacy patient’s interest† and respect patient’s wishes. Steps. To avoid misconduct of professional standard, the nurse in this scenario should talk to the physician in private about disclosing patient information. The nurse first suggests to call Mr. Y and obtain permission to discuss care with Ms. H; then the nurse must inform Mr. Y the Advance Directives as well as assess Mr. Y understanding of risks and benefits of the procedure. Obtaining informed consent from Mr. Y is also a crucial step. If Mr. Y can’t be reach in a time sensitive manner, the nurse should contact the agent that helped Mr. E with the Advance Directive; she can then obtain information related to Mr. E decision-making ability at the time, and inform doctor and charge nurse for decision-making. However, in this scenario, the nurse should notify charge nurse and higher chain of command about the situation and the violation of HIPAA. Ethical committee should be notified to consult for appropriate actions. Regarding her colleagues, the nurse should inform her supervisor, without naming name, the need to orient staff regarding HIPAA, Advance Directives, and reinforce in Code of Ethics. By taking appropriate interventions, the nurse ensures dignity in patient care and maintain respect in work environment. References American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http://nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics. pdf California. (2005). California nursing practice act: With regulations and related satutes. Matthew Bender Co. , a member of the Lexis Group. Nabili, S. (2012). Advance directives. Retrieved from http://www. emedicinehealth. com/advance_directives/page2_em. htm

Service Recovery Report for McDonald

Question: Discuss about theService Recovery Report for McDonald. Answer: Introduction McDonald is a world renewed fast food chain of the restaurant which is currently working in more that hundred and nineteen countries all across the world because of their amazing services and products. After looking at a different kind of information related to the history of McDonald, there is some interrelated information from suppliers to partners and their product offerings that can connect all the vital information like service at McDonald or other services (Chuang et al., 2012). The final part will deal with an analysis of different methods where services can be improvised and at the same time number of ways where innovation can help the services to become effective, and this will also include some recommendations. Blueprint of McDonalds The most iconic thing about the brand is its Golden Arches which is followed by a clown character known as Ronald McDonalds (Chuang et al., 2012). There will be a discussion of the front stage and back stage information as well where most of the research will be based on an interview with the employees and managers of the company. The organization is also well known throughout the world as it has invested a lot in brand building and this brand holds a very strong position in the market because of its unique taste of burgers and other food offerings. It is one of the leading fast food businesses in the world and with innovation and sustainability in hand; it works as a prime aspect of the company all across the world (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). The service blueprint can be defined as a process which is specifically a method based on some operations or series of different kind of actions that are mainly based on so many steps like needs that take place in a series. The process helps in understanding the process that company uses to follow and different services that can be directed at various kind of customers (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). The service also discusses the delivery of various actions which can be tangible or intangible. To develop a blueprint, one needs to be able to recognize all the important activities that also involve different service delivery and manufacturing, clarity in series and also the specification of the link between these activities. The blueprint also helps in understanding the relationship between external and internal and different kind of inputs that needs a particular service process. To develop a service blueprint, one must also clearly specify the conversation between the various customers a nd employees (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). Following are the main elements of the blueprint: Definition of different standards for every front stage functions. Physical and another kind of proofs for front stage functions. Principle customer services. Line of communication Customer contacts at front stage activities. Visibility line Backstage action Support procedures that involve a different kind of service personnel (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). Support procedures based on information technology. Following is the service blue print of McDonalds: - Front Stage and Back Stage Functions The front stage can be defined as clients that are facing activities of the business like marketing, sales, and service or delivery of product. This can be considered as a part of operations that is experienced by clients. On the other hand, backstage functions make all the processes at support and administrative based that can be followed and at the same time undertaken to deliver the front stage process (Qin et al., 2010). Front stage process consists of one page based visual explanation of the way the organization offer services to the customer by taking good care of its needs. There is a part of marketing strategy; the process is proven in departments like sales and different tools for marketing that also tells the prospects. These prospects have a proven method of taking good care of customers and also understand that how a sales team creates consistent and at the same time some realistic expectations (Qin et al., 2010). Backstage process: every business had some core processes which includes important things that are needed to be done on a consistent basis as well as every time the company offers a service. Like for example, there are numbers of organizations that have a process for people or an HR department, a sales process, marketing and advertising process and one or more operation procedures and other backstage processes like customer services or their retention process (Qin et al., 2010). When the team agrees on different core processes, it is important to document it at the high level and accordingly train the employees and also calculate or measure different compliance until they are understood and followed by everyone. Moments of Truth for this Service Organisation Every kind of business understands that there is an order that thrives a different kind of needs and it can differentiate itself in the mind of the customer. Prices have also proved time and again that they are inadequate because there is always a limit to how a firm can cut off the margins (Qin et al., 2010). Product differentiation is also no longer important to attract the customer because technological advancement helps the product in becoming identical with few kind of difference on the tangible basis. It is commonly said that people do business with those whom they trust, and it is very common for some networking activities (Mathe, 2011). Building a business on trust, many successful companies like McDonald can construct the massive empire and also continue by following a certain set of values and principle that help them in building trust and loyalty. The success is also assured by selecting and engaging employees at various levels who also believe in those values and principl es (Mathe, 2011). The report will be based on primary research which will show that major amount of consumer in McDonald are satisfied with the food and services and some are even highly satisfied with the complete customer service at McDonalds. At the same time, some customers also mentioned that they are dissatisfied with the price at McDonald (Mathe, 2011). The main aim of the organization has always been developing and at the same time also implementing some policies and principles to satisfy the customers, and the business focuses on the present trends in fast food culture as well as demands and the expectations are based on the customers to raise the level of customer satisfaction. The complete value system at McDonald also reflects the overall approach and different set of practices for customer satisfaction. Like for example, McDonalds has always believed in doing the right thing at the right time since its inception (Mathe, 2011). This is why; the company has been growing and at the same time implementing many kinds of policies and programs in place that permits the organization to utilize the size and overall scope to make a difference since the company has a firm belief that what is right for the business is good for the majority of people. The research also showed some light on information from an organisation that proved that customers are always first for the company (Tsai et al., 2013). This also shows that McDonalds has been actively involved in adopting the efficient and right kind of strategies that help them offer high-quality food and quick services in relatively hygienic and friendly environment. At the same time, the level of commitment shows th e values for money for the number of customers. The moment of truth through various researchers also shows the flip side where as per many surveys like American Consumer Satisfaction Index, the company has the worst level of customer satisfaction. It is also noted that all kind of customers will not agree or relate to the vision of the business (Tsai et al., 2013). The research also shows that the company has been involved in improvement process from very long time, where the company has purposely issued a response against the research which says that at this organization, customer satisfaction is always a priority for the company and it continues to be of high importance for the company. The customer feedback from all walks of life is taken very seriously, and there are restaurant evaluations and through employee and customer feedback, the company is in a continuous process of evaluating different processes (Tsai et al., 2013). The internal research also shows that the company is committed to making progress in satisfying the cus tomer at various levels for which the company has been involved in some surveys for customer satisfaction. Therefore, based on the approaches from customer satisfaction and some different practices at the organization it is quite clear that the company is one of the most relevant organization in carrying out the progress based on customer satisfaction in the fast food industry (Shahid et al., 2014). Determinants of Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction It is clear that company like McDonald is one of largest food chain services with more than thirty thousand restaurants in almost hundred and nineteen nations. The company can be identified as a growing trend in any quick service based food chain for timely and accurate customer service. The organization has been actively following the growth based on innovation and at the same time using a different kind of technologies with the aim of providing the quality products and services to the consumers (Shahid et al., 2014). The company has been involved in performing activities that increase the level of satisfaction among the customers. However, as per the data collected in some researchers like in American Consumer Satisfaction Index based on the company has achieved the last place in customer satisfaction category despite all the efforts in achieving one. According to the data the company was able to achieve highest customer satisfaction back in the year 1995 (Shahid et al., 2014). ACSI also works as a social indicator for achieving customer evaluation of the overall quality of the product and services. The data is used by conducting an interview with around seventy thousand customers on the annual basis to measure the customer satisfaction level (Shahid et al., 2014). For the very long time, the company has been ranked at last position as per this research. At the same time, the organization which is serving millions of customer each day had achieved a rating of around fifty-nine back in the year 2000 (Shahid et al., 2014). The ranking every year is based on best of McDonalds and the last survey is carried by ACSI placed the company at last position in customer satisfaction as compared to another kind of fast food business all across the USA and other global nations (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). Although, it is important to note that the food and services at this organization have been showing some level of improvements in reduced prices, or introduction of the new menu with facilities for customers at this store by making sure the cleanliness in the store (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). Service Quality Measurement in McDonalds Quality is one of most important yet common factor for achieving customer satisfaction that can be measured through dividing yet providing some standardization to the products and services in business. Like for example, quality of service can be very effective determinant for achieving customer satisfaction, and it is evaluated when a customer is compared with his or her opinion and overall expectation from the service. It is important to note that some researchers often use this measure to decide and at the same time measure customer satisfaction (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). A model called SERVQUAL is committed to calculating the service quality of the business, and it works like a scale with different items that should be used to understand and yet find out the expectation of service and changing the perception of the customer. Based on different results, this model helps in understanding the customer expectation which leads to customer satisfaction (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). This model and its conclusions are based on measuring some important items like reliability, tangibles or responsiveness, empathy and much more which works like a parameter for testing the level of satisfaction of any customer, and it is measured and assessed for a particular business (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2015). Then there is expectance disconfirmation model which is developed by Oliver in the year 1981, about measuring customer satisfaction. This theory shows that the customer forms their satisfaction through some target products or services which work like a direct or subjective comparison between the expectations and perception (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2015). Customers can directly ask to give their perception or at the same time evaluate the comparisons by using a scale based on worse than or better than the parameter. This model also asserts that level of customer satisfaction is the direct activity for many subjective disconfirmations. Any customers have noted it the level of expectation has always been about the product can be related to some important factors that also influences customer satisfaction. So when the expectancy disconfirmation model is used to test the level of customer satisfaction at any organization, and it also includes fast food business like McDonalds (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2 015). There is another model called Means-end model which is developed in respect to deciding the perceived value of a consumer that influences the customer satisfaction. According to this model, it is clear that any perceived value is a direct antecedent of a different kind of purchase decision and a direct impact on perceived quality of service that can affect the level of customer satisfaction (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2015). Model is based on observed values which directly impact the purchase decisions and also makes the direct consequences of perceived quality of service that also affect the level of customer satisfaction. The overall role of customer's expected value is an understanding of consumer behavior which in itself is remarkable, and this is why it can be treated that means-end model of perceived value is crucial and an important tool and technique to understand customer satisfaction (Bolton and Mattila, 2015). Service-Recovery Strategy Plan Service recovery plan refers to that action of a service organization which is an answer to different service failure. The main aim is to maintain the relationship of business with the customer (Bolton and Mattila, 2015). The argument is based on the thought process that customer satisfaction makes sure that the company achieves customer loyalty, positive word of mouth and repeat sales. An effective plan for service recovery always leads to activities that enhance the perception of quality of products and services that are already bought to increase the understanding of the organization, and there is a favorable image in term of perceived level of value and quality (Bolton and Mattila, 2015). McDonald has been involved in understanding and also using a number of surveys based on customer satisfaction to understand the perception of customers as well as a present experience of them at any chain of the company (Ryan et al., 2011). The manager of a restaurant has mentioned that the responses from customers have been directly impacting the image of a restaurant and it is also based on customer feedback that business has been committed to developing and also implement different actions that increase the level of customer satisfaction for the very next time. The company has tried a number of things to understand the inner voice of the company. The main aim of the chief strategist at times is to understand the discovery which is much closer to any philosopher than any traditional strategist (Seo and Jang, 2013). The tool is far lesser than the data or spreadsheets which will be more about the discovery and important introspection about the study. If the company succeeds, there a re chances that whatever it was that bring the company closer to the audience, in past and then it must adjust in a more relevant way in today's marketplace and it is important to note that the connectivity should not be lost (Seo and Jang, 2013). As per the customer feedback, the company has been involved in launching different type of strategies like growth and development. McDonalds will have to align the complete organization around the simple idea that growth is important and it should a continuous process. According to that all the human and financial efforts should be directed at also improving along with increasing the activities (Rao, 2011). The turnaround is very vital for McDonald, and it certainly was and can be a remarkable on. There is no doubt that McDonald is an important organization and success of the company is important specifically for so many people who are dependent on it for income and who learn some important skills for life. On the other hand, McDonald follows a decentralized structure in the company as the whole organization is the system of companies where there are small entrepreneurs as well who have invested their saving in the company (Mottram, 2011). The company will have to understand that the process of growth is important than the level of growth. Growth at any cost can hamper the quality and quality is far important than quantity. Therefore, the formula of growth at any cost doesn't work in long run. The business model must be changed from time to time, and there must be a belief in continuous development. It is important to understand that business and the customers both will commit and come together to make the business work. In McDonalds, constant change in belief will help them to stay committed to the core value system of the company as well as with the business (Mottram, 2011). When a company needs something large, it is important to understand that the company is leading a system not an individual or a company. This can be a critical insight if one wants a successful change in something huge. This can be a frustrating process and time taking as well. It also needs to understand and learn to keep patience and the high tolerance for and from everyone (Ellahamy et al., 2015). Conclusion It is important to understand, managing and developing a business can be a tedious job. Research shows that the customer satisfaction is becoming an important concern for the business specifically in fast food setup. 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